Kwi-polarization yamaza e-electromagnetic

Ipropathi ethi uqhelaniso kunye neamplitude ye-electromagnetic wave amandla ombane okutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha ibizwa ngokuba yipolarization kwi-optics.Ukuba olu tshintsho lunomthetho ocacileyo, lubizwa ngokuba yi-polarized electromagnetic wave .

(emva koku kubhekiselwa kulo njengeliza le-polarized)

Amanqaku esi-7 abalulekileyo owazi malunga "ne-electromagnetic wave polarization" ngala:

1. I-electromagnetic wave polarization ibhekiselele kwipropathi ukuqhelaniswa kunye ne-amplitude ye-electromagnetic wave intensity field electric field kunye nexesha, ebizwa ngokuba yipolarization kwi-optics.Ukuba olu tshintsho lunomthetho oqinisekileyo, lubizwa ngokuba yi-polarized electromagnetic wave (emva koku kuthiwa yi-polarized wave).Ukuba ubukhulu bentsimi yombane ye-polarized electromagnetic wave buhlala bujoliswe kwi-(transverse) indiza ejikelezayo kwi-propagation direction, kwaye isiphelo se-vector yentsimi yayo yombane ihamba ngomzila ovaliweyo, le wave ye-electromagnetic wave ibizwa ngokuba yi-plane polarized wave.I-sagittal trajectory yentsimi yombane ibizwa ngokuba yi-polarization curve, kwaye i-wave ye-polarization ibizwa ngokwemilo ye-polarization curve.

2. 2. Kwinqwelomoya enye ye-frequency wave polarized wave, i-polarization curve yi-ellipse (ebizwa ngokuba yi-polarization ellipse), ngoko ibizwa ngokuba yi-elliptical polarized wave.Ukujongwa ukusuka kwisalathiso sokusasaza, ukuba ulwalathiso lokujikeleza kwe-vector yentsimi yombane luhamba nge-clockwise, oluhambelana nomthetho we-helix ochanekileyo, ubizwa ngokuba yi-right-handed wave polarized wave;Ukuba umkhomba-ndlela ojikelezayo unxamnye newotshi kwaye uhambelana nomthetho we-helix wasekhohlo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-left-handed polarized wave.Ngokweeparamitha zejometri ze-polarization ellipse (jonga i-geometric parameters ye-polarization ellipse), i-elliptical polarization wave inokuchazwa ngokobungakanani, oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo we-axial (umlinganiselo we-axis ende ukuya kwi-axis emfutshane), i-polarization i-angle ye-directional (i-oblique angle ye-axis ende) kunye nolwalathiso lokujikeleza (ukujikeleza kwesokudla okanye kwesobunxele).I-elliptical polarized wave ene-axial ratio elingana ne-1 ibizwa ngokuba yi-circular polarized wave, kunye ne-polarization curve yayo isangqa, enokuthi iphinde ihlulwe ibe yimikhombandlela yesandla sokunene okanye ekhohlo.Ngeli xesha, i-angle ye-polarization ye-polarization ayiqinisekanga, kwaye i-oblique angle ye-orientation yokuqala ye-vector field yombane ithathelwa indawo.I-elliptical polarization wave ene-axial ratio ithande ukungapheli ibizwa ngokuba yi-linear polarization wave.I-orientation ye-vector yayo ye-electric field isoloko ihamba ngokuthe tye, kwaye i-oblique angle yomgca ochanekileyo yi-polarization direction.Ngeli xesha, ulwalathiso olujikelezayo lulahlekelwa yintsingiselo yalo kwaye luthatyathelwa indawo yinqanaba lokuqala lokuqina kombane.

3. Naliphi na i-elliptical polarization wave linokuthi liboliswe libe yi-sum of the right-hand-handel circular polarization wave (emelwe ngophawu lwenyawo R) kunye ne-left-handel circular polarization wave (emele uphawu lwenyawo L).Ukuba i-wave ye-polarized wave ichithwa ibe ngamaza amabini ajikelezayo ajikelezayo kunye nezalathiso ezijikelezayo ezichaseneyo, i-amplitudes yazo iyalingana kwaye i-orientation yabo yokuqala i-symmetrical kuleyo ye-linearly polarized wave.

4. Naliphi na i-elliptical polarization wave linokuthi liboliswe libe sisimbuku samaza amabini alungelelanisiweyo ane-polarized orthogonal orientation.Ngokuqhelekileyo, enye yamaza e-polarized linearly ijoliswe kwi-horizontal plane (kunye ne-perpendicular ukuya kwi-propagation direction), ebizwa ngokuba yi-horizontally polarized wave (emele uphawu lonyawo h);Ukuqhelaniswa nelinye iliza elicandekileyo elicandekileyo ngaxeshanye lithe nkqo kumyingelwano kunye nesalathiso sosasazo lweliza elicandekileyo elingasentla, elibizwa ngokuba liza elicandekileyo elithe nkqo (elimelwe luphawu lonyawo V) (i-vector yentsimi yombane ye-polarized wave ijoliswe kuyo. ecaleni kwentambo yokulungelelanisa kuphela xa isalathiso sosasazo sikwinqwelo-moya ethe tye).Iivektha zentsimi yombane zamacandelo amabini alungelelanisiweyo ane-amplitude eyahlukeneyo kunye nesigaba sokuqala esahlukileyo.

5. I-wave ye-elliptical polarization efanayo inokuchazwa ngokobungakanani kungekuphela nje ngeeparitha zejometri ze-polarization ellipse, kodwa kunye neeparitha phakathi kwamacandelo amabini ajikelezayo ajikelezayo e-polarization ye-circular okanye i-orthogonal linear polarization components.Imephu yesangqa sepolarization luphawu lwentelekelelo yezodwa zeeparamitha ezahlukeneyo zepolarization kumphezulu ongqukuva kwinqwelomoya ye-ikhweyitha.Ukuhanjiswa kwe-eriyali kunye nokufumana amaza ombane aneempawu ezicacileyo zepolarization, ezinokuthiywa ngokuhambelana ne-electromagnetic wave polarization kweyona ndlela inamandla yemitha xa isetyenziswa njenge-eriyali yokuhambisa.

6. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukuhanjiswa kwamandla aphezulu phakathi kokuhambisa kunye nokufumana i-eriyali, ukuhambisa kunye nokufumana ii-antenna ezineempawu ezifanayo ze-polarization kufuneka zisetyenziswe.Le meko yoqwalaselo ibizwa ngokuba yipolarization matching.Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze ugweme ukufakwa kwe-polarization wave ethile, ii-eriyalikunye neempawu ze-orthogonal polarization isetyenzisiweyo, njenge-polarization antenna orthogonal ukuya kwi-horizontal polarization wave;I-eriyali ekwisandla sasekunene ejikelezayo i-orthogonal ukuya kwicala lasekhohlo le-eriyali ejikelezayo.Le meko yoqwalaselo ibizwa ngokuba yi-polarization isolation.

7. Ukwahlukaniswa okunokubakho phakathi kwamaza amabini e-mutually orthogonal polarization kungasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zepolarization ezimbini.Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-eriyali enye enomsebenzi wepolarization kabini ukuqonda ukuhanjiswa kwetshaneli ezimbini okanye i-duplex ye-transceiver;Ii-eriyali ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-orthogonal polarization zisetyenziselwa ukuqonda ulwamkelo lokwahluka kwepolarization okanye uqwalaselo lwe-stereoscopic (njengefilimu ye-stereo).Ukongezelela, kwiinkqubo zokufumanisa ulwazi ezifana ne-remote sensing kunye ne-radar target target, ipropathi ye-polarization yamaza ahlakazekileyo inokubonelela ngolwazi olongezelelweyo ngaphandle kwe-amplitude kunye nolwazi lwesigaba.

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