Imilimitha yamaza(mmWave) yi-electromagnetic spectrum band enobude obuphakathi kwe-10mm (30 GHz) kunye ne-1mm (300 GHz).Kubhekiselwa kulo njengebhendi yefrikhwensi ephezulu kakhulu (EHF) yiManyano yoThungelwano lweZizwe ngezizwe (ITU).Amaza e-Millimeter abekwe phakathi kwe-microwave kunye namaza e-infrared kwi-spectrum kwaye anokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano ezingenazintambo ezikhawulezayo, ezifana ne-point-to-point backhaul links.
Iintsingiselo ezinkulu zikhawulezisa ukukhula kwedatha
Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yehlabathi yedatha kunye noqhagamshelo, iibhendi zamaxesha asetyenziswayo ngoku kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo ziye zaxinana, ziqhuba imfuno yokufikelela kwi-bandwidth ephezulu ye-bandwidth ngaphakathi kwe-millimeter wave spectrum.Uninzi lweendlela eziphambili ziye zakhawulezisa imfuno yomthamo omkhulu wedatha kunye nesantya.
1. Isixa kunye neentlobo zedatha eyenziwe kwaye iqhutywe yidatha enkulu iyanda ngokukhawuleza yonke imihla.Ihlabathi lixhomekeke ekusasazweni ngesantya esiphezulu sedatha enkulu kwizixhobo ezingenakubalwa rhoqo ngomzuzwana.Ngo-2020, umntu ngamnye wenze i-1.7 MB yedatha ngomzuzwana.(Umthombo: IBM).Ekuqaleni kuka-2020, umthamo wedatha yehlabathi uqikelelwe ukuba yi-44ZB (iForam yezoQoqosho lweHlabathi).Ngo-2025, ukudalwa kwedatha yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba kufikelele kwi-175 ZB.Ngamanye amazwi, ukugcina isixa esikhulu kangaka sedatha kufuna i-12.5 yeebhiliyoni zee-hard drives zanamhlanje ezinkulu.(International Data Corporation)
Ngokoqikelelo lweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, unyaka wama-2007 ibingunyaka wokuqala apho abantu basezidolophini bebodlula abantu basemaphandleni.Lo mkhwa usaqhuba, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2050, ngaphezu kwesibini kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi baya kuhlala ezidolophini.Oku kuzise uxinzelelo olwandayo kuthungelwano ngemfonomfono kunye neziseko zedatha kule mimandla inabemi abaninzi.
3. Intlekele yehlabathi jikelele kunye nokungazinzi, ukusuka kwindyikityha ukuya kwisiphithiphithi sezopolitiko kunye neengxabano, kuthetha ukuba amazwe aya elangazelela ukuphuhlisa amandla awo okulawula ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungazinzi kwihlabathi.Oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke banethemba lokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo ekuthengeni impahla evela kweminye imimandla baze baxhase uphuhliso lweemveliso zasekhaya, ubugcisa neziseko ezingundoqo.
4. Ngemigudu yehlabathi yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, iteknoloji ivula amathuba amatsha okunciphisa ukuhamba kwekhabhoni ephezulu.Namhlanje, iintlanganiso kunye neenkomfa zihlala zibanjwa kwi-intanethi.Nkqu neenkqubo zonyango zinokuqhutywa kude ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuba oogqirha botyando beze kwigumbi lotyando.Kuphela i-ultra fast, ethembekileyo, kunye nemithombo yedatha ephantsi engaphazamisekiyo inokufezekisa lo msebenzi uchanekileyo.
Ezi zinto zinkulu zikhuthaza abantu ukuba baqokelele, basasaze, kwaye baqhubekeke ngakumbi nangakumbi idatha kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye ikwafuna ukuhanjiswa ngesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-latency encinci.
Yiyiphi indima enokwenziwa ngamaza emilimitha?
I-millimeter wave spectrum inikeza i-spectrum ebanzi eqhubekayo, evumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ephezulu.Okwangoku, ii-microwave frequencies ezisetyenziselwa uninzi lonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo ziya zixinana kwaye zisasazeke, ngakumbi ngee-bandwidth ezininzi ezinikezelwe kumasebe athile afana nokhuselo, i-aerospace, kunye nonxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo.
Xa unyusa i-spectrum, indawo ekhoyo engaphazanyiswayo iya kuba nkulu kakhulu kwaye inxalenye egciniweyo iya kuba ncinane.Ukwandisa uluhlu lwamaza ngokufanelekileyo kwandisa ubungakanani "bombhobho" ongasetyenziselwa ukuhambisa idatha, ngaloo ndlela ufezekise imijelo emikhulu yedatha.Ngenxa yobuninzi be-channel bandwidth yamaza e-millimeter, izikimu zokumodareyitha eziyinkimbinkimbi zingasetyenziselwa ukuhambisa idatha, enokukhokelela kwiinkqubo ezine-latency ephantsi kakhulu.
Yeyiphi imingeni?
Kukho imingeni ehambelanayo ekuphuculeni i-spectrum.Amacandelo kunye ne-semiconductors efunekayo ukuhambisa kunye nokufumana izibonakaliso kumaza e-millimeter kunzima kakhulu ukuvelisa - kwaye kukho iinkqubo ezimbalwa ezikhoyo.Ukuvelisa amacandelo amaza amaza emilimitha nako kunzima ngakumbi kuba mancinci kakhulu, afuna ukunyamezelana kwendibano ephezulu kunye noyilo olunenkathalo loqhagamshelo kunye nemingxunya yokunciphisa ilahleko kunye nokuphepha ukujikeleza.
Ukusasaza ngomnye wemingeni ephambili ejongene nemiqondiso yemilimitha yamaza.Kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu, imiqondiso inokuthi ivalwe okanye icuthwe zizinto ezibonakalayo ezinje ngeendonga, imithi kunye nezakhiwo.Kwindawo yokwakha, oku kuthetha ukuba umamkeli wamaza omilimitha kufuneka abekwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo ukuze asasaze umqondiso ngaphakathi.Ukubuyisela umva kunye nesathelayithi kunxibelelwano olusemhlabeni, ukukhulisa amandla amakhulu kuyafuneka ukuhambisa imiqondiso kumgama omde.Emhlabeni, umgama phakathi kwee-point-to-point links awukwazi ukudlula i-1 ukuya kwi-5 yeekhilomitha, kunokuba umgama omkhulu onokuwufumana amanethiwekhi aphantsi-frequency.
Oku kuthetha ukuba, umzekelo, kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, izikhululo ezisisiseko ezininzi kunye nee-eriyali ziyafuneka ukuhambisa imiqondiso yemilimitha yamaza kumgama omde.Ukufakela esi siseko songezelelweyo kufuna ixesha kunye neendleko.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusasazwa kweqela leenkwenkwezi zesathelayithi kuzamile ukusombulula le ngxaki, kwaye la makroza asathelayithi kwakhona athatha imilimitha yamaza njengondoqo woyilo lwawo.
Yeyiphi eyona nto ingcono yokuhanjiswa kwamaza emilimitha?
Umgama omfutshane wokusasaza wamaza e-millimeter ubenza bafaneleke kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwiindawo ezixineneyo zasedolophini ezinedatha ephezulu yedatha.Enye indlela yothungelwano olungenazingcingo luthungelwano lwefiber optic.Kwimimandla yasezidolophini, ukugrumba iindlela ukuze kufakwe imicu emitsha yokukhanya kubiza kakhulu, kuyingozi yaye kudla ixesha.Ngokuchasene noko, udibaniso lwamaza amaza emilimitha lunokumiselwa ngokufanelekileyo ngeendleko ezincinci zokuphazamiseka phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
Ireyithi yedatha ephunyezwe yimiqondiso ye-millimeter wave ithelekiswa ne-fiber optical, ngelixa ibonelela nge-latency ephantsi.Xa ufuna ukuhamba kolwazi olukhawulezayo kunye ne-latency encinci, amakhonkco angenazingcingo lukhetho lokuqala - yiyo loo nto esetyenziswa kutshintshiselwano lwesitokhwe apho i-millisecond latency inokubaluleka.
Ezilalini, iindleko zokufakela iintambo zefiber optic zikholisa ukunqanda ngenxa yomgama obandakanyekayo.Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, i-millimeter wave tower networks ikwafuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lweziseko zophuhliso.Isisombululo esichazwe apha kukusebenzisa i-Earth orbit (LEO) i-satellites okanye i-high-altitude pseudo satellites (HAPS) ukudibanisa idatha kwiindawo ezikude.Uthungelwano lwe-LEO kunye ne-HAPS luthetha ukuba akukho mfuneko yokufakela i-fiber optics okanye ukwakha umgama omfutshane we-wireless point-to-point networks, ngelixa ubonelela ngeereyithi zedatha ezibalaseleyo.Unxibelelwano lweSatellite sele lusebenzise imiqondiso yemilimitha yamaza, ngokuqhelekileyo kwisiphelo esisezantsi se-spectrum - Ka frequency band (27-31GHz).Kukho indawo yokwandisa ukuya kwii-frequencies eziphezulu, ezifana ne-Q / V kunye ne-E frequency bands, ngakumbi isikhululo sokubuyisela idatha emhlabeni.
Imakethi ebuyayo yonxibelelwano ikwisikhundla esiphambili kutshintsho olusuka kwi-microwave ukuya kumaza amaza e-millimeter.Oku kuqhutywa kukwanda kwezixhobo zabathengi (izixhobo eziphathwayo, iilaptops, kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT)) kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, eye yakhawulezisa imfuno yedatha eyongezelelekileyo nekhawulezayo.
Ngoku, abaqhubi besatellite banethemba lokulandela umzekelo weenkampani zonxibelelwano kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamaza e-millimeter kwiinkqubo ze-LEO kunye ne-HAPS.Ngaphambili, iisathelayithi ze-geostationary equatorial orbit (GEO) kunye ne-medium Earth orbit (MEO) iisathelayithi bezikude kakhulu eMhlabeni ukuseka amakhonkco onxibelelwano lwabathengi kumaza amaza emilimitha.Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kweesathelayithi ze-LEO ngoku kwenza kube lula ukuseka amakhonkco amaza e-millimeter kunye nokudala uthungelwano oluphezulu olufunekayo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Amanye amashishini nawo anesakhono esikhulu sokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yemilimitha yamaza.Kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto, izithuthi ezizimeleyo zifuna uxhulumaniso oluqhubekayo lwesantya esiphezulu kunye nenethiwekhi yedatha ye-latency ephantsi ukuze isebenze ngokukhuselekileyo.Kwicandelo lezonyango, idata ekhawulezayo nethembekileyo iya kufuneka ukuze oogqirha botyando babekwe ukude benze iinkqubo zonyango ezichanekileyo.
Iminyaka elishumi yeMillimeter Wave Innovation
I-Filtronic yingcaphephe ye-millimeter ye-teknoloji yonxibelelwano lwamaza e-UK.Sizezinye zeenkampani ezimbalwa e-UK ezinokuyila kwaye zenze amacandelo onxibelelwano lwamaza amaza emilimitha ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.Sineenjineli zeRF zangaphakathi (kubandakanywa neengcali zamaza emilimitha) ezifunekayo ukuze kuqikelelwe, kuyilwe, kwaye kuphuhlise ubugcisa obutsha bemilimitha yamaza.
Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, siye sasebenzisana neenkampani ezikhokelayo zonxibelelwano ngemfonomfono ukuphuhlisa uthotho lwe-microwave kunye ne-millimeter wave transceivers, ii-amplifiers zamandla, kunye ne-subsystems ze-backhaul networks.Imveliso yethu yamva nje isebenza kwi-E-band, ebonelela ngesisombululo esinokubakho kwi-ultra-high umthamo we-feeder links kunxibelelwano lwesathelayithi.Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, kuye kwahlengahlengiswa kwaye kwaphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe, ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye neendleko, ukuphucula ukusebenza, kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zokuvelisa ukunyusa imveliso.Iinkampani zesathelayithi ngoku zinokunqanda iminyaka yovavanyo lwangaphakathi kunye nophuhliso ngokwamkela obu buchwephesha bokuhanjiswa kwendawo.
Sizibophelele phambili ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezintsha, ukudala iteknoloji ngaphakathi kunye nokuphuhlisa ngokudibeneyo iinkqubo zangaphakathi zokuvelisa.Sihlala sikhokela imakethi kwizinto ezintsha zokuqinisekisa ukuba itekhnoloji yethu ilungele ukuthunyelwa njengoko iiarhente ezilawulayo zivula iibhendi zamaza amatsha.
Sele siphuhlisa itekhnoloji ye-W-band kunye ne-D-band ukumelana nokuxinana kunye nokugcwala kwedatha enkulu kwi-E-band kwiminyaka ezayo.Sisebenza kunye nabathengi beshishini ukubanceda ukuba bakhe inzuzo yokhuphiswano ngengeniso ephantsi xa iibhendi zamaza amatsha zivuliwe.
Leliphi inyathelo elilandelayo lemilimitha yamaza?
Izinga lokusetyenziswa kwedatha liya kuphuhlisa kuphela kwicala elinye, kwaye iteknoloji exhomekeke kwidatha nayo iphucula rhoqo.Inyani eyongeziweyo ifikile, kwaye izixhobo ze-IoT ziba yinto yonke.Ukongeza kwizicelo zasekhaya, yonke into ukusuka kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso ukuya kwiindawo ze-oyile nerhasi kunye nezixhobo zamandla enyukliya zitshintshela kubuchwephesha be-IoT bokubeka iliso kude – ukunciphisa imfuno yokungenelela ngezandla xa kusetyenziswa ezi zixhobo zinzima.Impumelelo yezi kunye nezinye intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iya kuxhomekeka ekuthembekeni, kwisantya, kunye nomgangatho wothungelwano lwedatha oluxhasayo - kunye namaza e-millimeter anika amandla afunekayo.
Amaza e-Millimeter awazange anciphise ukubaluleka kwee-frequencies ngaphantsi kwe-6GHz kwintsimi yonxibelelwano olungenacingo.Ngokuchasene noko, kukuncedisa okubalulekileyo kwi-spectrum, eyenza ukuba izicelo ezahlukeneyo zihanjiswe ngempumelelo, ngakumbi ezo zifuna iipakethi ezinkulu zedatha, i-latency ephantsi, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu loxhumo.
Imeko yokusebenzisa amaza e-millimeter ukufezekisa okulindelweyo kunye namathuba obuchwepheshe obutsha obunxulumene nedatha iyaqinisekisa.Kodwa kukwakho nemingeni.
Ulawulo lucelomngeni.Akunakwenzeka ukuba ungene kwibhendi yefrikhwensi yemilimitha ephezulu de abasemagunyeni bakhuphe iilayisensi zezicelo ezithile.Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula okuqikelelweyo kwemfuno kuthetha ukuba abalawuli baphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulayo lokukhulula i-spectrum engaphezulu ukuphepha ukuxinana kunye nokuphazamiseka.Ukwabelana nge-spectrum phakathi kwezicelo ezingenzi nto kunye nezicelo ezisebenzayo ezifana neesathelayithi zemeteorological nazo zifuna iingxoxo ezibalulekileyo kwizicelo zorhwebo, eziza kuvumela iibhendi zefrikhwensi ebanzi kunye ne-spectrum eqhubekayo ngaphandle kokufudukela kwi-Asia Pacific Hz frequency.
Xa uthatha ithuba lamathuba abonelelwa yi-bandwidth entsha, kubalulekile ukuba neetekhnoloji ezifanelekileyo zokukhuthaza unxibelelwano lwamaxesha amaninzi.Yiyo loo nto i-filtronic iphuhlisa i-W-band kunye ne-D-band technologies kwixesha elizayo.Kungoko sisebenzisana neeyunivesithi, oorhulumente, kunye namashishini ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezakhono nolwazi kwiinkalo ezifunekayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zexesha elizayo zeteknoloji engenazingcingo.Ukuba i-UK iza kukhokela ekuphuhliseni ikamva lothungelwano lwedatha yehlabathi, kufuneka itjelele utyalo-mali lukarhulumente kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zobugcisa beRF.
Njengeqabane kwizifundiswa, urhulumente, kunye neshishini, iFiltronic idlala indima ephambili ekuphuhliseni itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano oluphambili olufuna ukubonelela ngemisebenzi emitsha kunye nokwenzeka kwihlabathi apho idatha ifuneka ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-27-2023
